Roman Numeral Converter

Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers, or turn a date into Roman numerals. Works instantly in your browser — nothing is uploaded.

Enter a number (1–3999)

Enter a Roman numeral

Pick a date

Roman Numerals Chart

Roman numerals use seven letters. Larger-value letters come first; a smaller letter before a larger one is subtracted (IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900).

Symbol	Value
I	1
V	5
X	10
L	50
C	100
D	500
M	1000

Roman Numerals 1 to 100

Roman Numerals 100 to 1000

How to Read & Write Roman Numerals

Add letter values from left to right. When a smaller value sits directly before a larger one, subtract it. Each letter (except the subtractive pairs) repeats at most three times, so 4 is IV, not IIII, and 40 is XL, not XXXX. Years and dates follow the same rule — 2026 is MMXXVI and July 4, 1994 is VII · IV · MCMXCIV.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is there no zero in Roman numerals?

The Roman system has no symbol for zero — it was designed for counting and tallying, where a "nothing" value was written as the Latin word nulla rather than a digit. Numerals start at I (1). Because there is no zero and no place value, every letter carries a fixed value and the numeral is read by adding those values from left to right.

What is the largest Roman numeral?

Using standard letters (I, V, X, L, C, D, M), the largest value is 3,999 = MMMCMXCIX. Larger numbers historically used an overline (vinculum) to multiply by 1,000, which this converter does not use — it stays within the classic 1–3999 range. Enter anything above 3,999 and the converter asks for a number from 1 to 3999 instead of inventing a numeral.

How do I write a year or a date in Roman numerals?

To write a year or a date in Roman numerals, convert the number as usual: 2026 is MMXXVI. For a full date, convert the day, month and year separately — July 4, 1994 becomes VII · IV · MCMXCIV. Use the Date → Roman mode above to do this automatically.

Is IIII a valid Roman numeral?

IIII is not standard Roman notation — 4 is written IV. IIII does appear on some clock faces as a stylistic choice, but it is not the standard form. This converter accepts only standard numerals and will flag IIII as invalid.

Numbers in Roman numerals

Dedicated pages for the most-looked-up numbers, plus a full chart:

4 (IV) · 9 (IX) · 40 (XL) · 49 (XLIX) · 50 (L) · 90 (XC) · 99 (XCIX) · 100 (C) · 500 (D) · 1000 (M) · 2024 · 2025 · 2026 · Full 1–100 chart →

Every number page

All 72 dedicated number pages, each with the conversion, how it is built, and where you will see it.

Roman Numeral Converter

Roman Numerals Chart

Roman Numerals 1 to 100

Roman Numerals 100 to 1000

How to Read & Write Roman Numerals

Frequently Asked Questions

Numbers in Roman numerals

Every number page

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