Resistor Color Code Calculator

Turn the colored stripes on a resistor into a number. Pick 4, 5 or 6 bands and set each color, and the calculator reads them the way an engineer does: the first bands are significant digits, the next is a ×10 multiplier, then the tolerance, and — on a 6-band part — the temperature coefficient. See the resistance, the ± tolerance and the exact min-to-max range, with a color-coded resistor drawn live so you can match it to the one in your hand. It all runs on your device.

You are in the Physics lab.

Read from the grouped end: digits, then the multiplier, then the tolerance band (often gold or silver).
Resistance
Tolerance
Value range
Each band is one piece of a number. A resistor is too small to print "4,700 Ω ±5%" on, so the value is painted as colored stripes. Read from the grouped end: the first stripes are digits (black 0 … white 9), the next multiplies by a power of ten, and the last, often gold or silver, is the tolerance. Yellow-violet-red-gold is 4, 7, ×100, ±5% — a 4.7 kΩ resistor good to a twentieth. Once you see the pattern, you can read any resistor at a glance.

Reading the calculator

How the bands become a value, and which end to start from.

1

Start from the grouped end

The bands sit closer together at one end and leave a gap before the tolerance band at the other. Start reading from the grouped end. The gold or silver tolerance band is a giveaway — those colors only appear as a multiplier or tolerance, so the band nearest them is where you finish, not start.

2

Digits, then a multiplier

The first two bands (three on a 5 or 6-band part) are significant digits using the color-to-number key. The next band is a power-of-ten multiplier — red is ×100, orange ×1 k, and gold and silver shrink the value by ×0.1 and ×0.01 for resistors under 10 Ω. The calculator multiplies them out exactly and shows the resistance in Ω, kΩ or MΩ.

3

Tolerance sets the range

The tolerance band says how far the real resistor may stray from its printed value. Gold is ±5%, brown ±1%, and the tighter colors go down to ±0.05%. The tool turns that into a concrete min-to-max range, so a 1 kΩ ±5% part shows as 950 Ω – 1,050 Ω. A 6-band resistor adds a temperature-coefficient band in ppm/K for how much it drifts when hot.

How It Works

One color key, used three different ways.

1

The digit colors

The ten digits map to ten colors in spectral order: black 0, brown 1, red 2, orange 3, yellow 4, green 5, blue 6, violet 7, grey 8, white 9. The mnemonic runs from dark to light. The same colors are reused for the multiplier and tolerance, which is why position — not just color — matters.

2

Value = digits × 10^multiplier

Line the digit bands up into a number, then multiply by ten to the power of the multiplier band. Brown-black-red is 10 × 10² = 1,000 Ω. On a 5 or 6-band resistor there are three digits for one more figure of precision, so brown-black-black-brown is 100 × 10 = 1,000 Ω with a tighter tolerance.

3

Tolerance and temp coefficient

The tolerance band is a percent: gold ±5%, silver ±10%, brown ±1%, red ±2%, and finer colors below. It reflects manufacturing spread, so tighter tolerance parts cost more. The sixth band, present on precision resistors, is the temperature coefficient in ppm/K — 50 ppm/K means the resistance changes by 50 parts per million for each degree of temperature change. Our Ohm's law calculator puts that resistance to work.

How do you read a resistor color code?
Read from the grouped end. On a 4-band resistor the first two bands are digits, the third is a ×10 multiplier and the fourth is tolerance — so brown-black-red-gold is 1, 0, ×100, ±5% = 1 kΩ ±5%. The digit colors run black 0, brown 1, red 2, orange 3, yellow 4, green 5, blue 6, violet 7, grey 8, white 9.
What is the difference between 4, 5 and 6-band resistors?
A 4-band resistor has two digits, a multiplier and a tolerance. A 5-band adds a third digit for precision. A 6-band adds a temperature-coefficient band (ppm/K) for how much the resistance drifts when it heats up. This tool switches between all three.
What do gold and silver bands mean?
As a multiplier, gold is ×0.1 and silver ×0.01 (for resistors below 10 Ω). As a tolerance, gold is ±5% and silver ±10% — the two most common. Because they only appear as multiplier or tolerance, gold and silver also tell you which end to read from.
What tolerance range does the calculator show?
The tolerance is the guaranteed spread around the nominal value. A 1 kΩ ±5% resistor is 950 Ω – 1,050 Ω; a 1 kΩ ±1% resistor is 990 Ω – 1,010 Ω. The tool shows both the nominal resistance and that min-to-max range.

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