Conway's Game of Life

Conway's Game of Life is the most famous cellular automaton, and this one runs live in your browser. Click or drag on the grid to draw cells, drop in a glider gun or a pulsar, then press play and watch complex patterns grow from just four rules. Nothing is uploaded — it all runs on your device.

You are in the Physics lab.

Click or drag to draw cells
Generation0
Population0
Births last gen0
Deaths last gen0
Current patternGosper glider gun

Population vs. generation — watch the colony boom, bust or settle into a steady value.

Four rules, unlimited complexity. A live cell stays alive with 2 or 3 live neighbours; a dead cell comes alive with exactly 3. That's the whole ruleset — yet it can build gliders, oscillators, and even a working computer. The Gosper glider gun (the default here) proved patterns can grow forever.

Reading the simulation

What the grid, the readouts and the population sparkline are telling you.

1

The B3/S23 rule drives everything

Every generation, each cell counts its eight neighbours and follows one rule, written B3/S23: a dead cell is born with exactly 3 live neighbours, and a live cell survives with 2 or 3 — anything less starves, anything more is overcrowded. The Births and Deaths readouts show exactly how many cells each side of that rule flipped in the last step.

2

Still-lifes, oscillators and spaceships

From that one rule three families emerge. Still-lifes (like a block) sit with births = deaths = 0 forever. Oscillators (like the pulsar) cycle through a fixed loop, so births and deaths rise and fall in step. Spaceships (like the glider or LWSS) hold their shape while translating across the toroidal grid, reappearing on the far edge.

3

Generation, population and the sparkline

Generation counts the steps taken; Population is the current number of live cells (the same value the overlay shows on the grid). The sparkline plots that population against the generation number, so you can see a random soup crash and settle, an oscillator hold a flat line, or a glider gun climb without ever settling down.

How It Works

A zero-player game invented by mathematician John Conway in 1970.

1

Set a starting pattern

Load a one-click pattern — Glider gun, Pulsar, LWSS or Random — pick any preset from the menu, or click and drag on the grid to draw your own live cells. The grid is toroidal: patterns that leave one edge reappear on the opposite side.

2

Apply the rules

Each generation every cell is updated at once from its eight neighbours under the B3/S23 rule: born with exactly 3, survives with 2 or 3, otherwise dead. Use Step to advance a single generation and read the births and deaths it produced.

3

Watch it evolve

Press Play and set the speed. Follow the live readouts and the population sparkline, and look for still-lifes that never change, oscillators that blink, and spaceships that crawl across the grid.

What are the rules of Conway's Game of Life?
Conway's Game of Life runs on a grid where every cell is either alive or dead. For each step: a live cell with two or three live neighbours survives; a live cell with fewer than two dies (underpopulation) or more than three dies (overpopulation); a dead cell with exactly three live neighbours becomes alive. Those four rules, applied to every cell at once, produce all of the game's complex behaviour.
Is the Game of Life actually a game?
The Game of Life is a zero-player game: you choose the starting configuration and the rules take over, with no further input needed. It was devised by mathematician John Conway in 1970 and is one of the best-known examples of a cellular automaton. Everything that happens after your first click follows from the same four neighbour rules, so the only real move you make is the pattern you start with.
What is a glider gun?
A glider gun is a pattern that periodically emits gliders — small patterns that travel across the grid. The Gosper glider gun, the default preset here, was the first known gun and proved that Game of Life patterns can grow without limit. Left running it keeps firing fresh gliders, so the live-cell count never settles to a fixed value.
Can I put this on my own website?
Yes — Conway's Game of Life has an embeddable build at lkforge.com/embed/game-of-life/ that you can drop into an <iframe> on your own site. It loads the same simulation script as this page, with the surrounding page furniture stripped away. It runs entirely client-side with no tracking.

Teaching or blogging about physics? You can embed this on your own site free — one line of code, no sign-up.

Classroom activity

A ready-to-assign lab using the simulation above. Free to use — nothing to install or sign up for, and no student data leaves the browser.

High school, College10–20 minInteractive simulation

Learning objectives

  • State the rules of Conway’s Game of Life.
  • Observe emergent structures from simple rules.
  • Classify patterns as still, oscillating, or moving.

Variables to change

  • Starting pattern
  • Grid size
  • Speed

Procedure

  1. Draw a small starting pattern and step the simulation forward.
  2. Try a blinker, a block, and a glider and watch how each behaves.
  3. Experiment with random starts and look for emerging structures.

Observations

Classify each pattern you try as still life, oscillator, or spaceship, and note what emerges from random starts.

Questions

  1. State the survival and birth rules.
  2. What is a "still life"?
  3. What is a glider?
  4. Is the Game of Life random?
  5. What big idea does it illustrate?

Explanation

Conway’s Game of Life evolves a grid by simple neighbor rules (survive on 2–3, born on 3). From these emerge still lifes, oscillators, and moving gliders — a classic demonstration of how simple deterministic rules produce complex, emergent behavior.

Answer key (for instructors)
  • 1. A live cell with 2 or 3 live neighbors survives; a dead cell with exactly 3 live neighbors becomes alive; all others die or stay dead.
  • 2. A stable pattern that never changes, such as a 2×2 block.
  • 3. A small pattern that moves steadily across the grid ("spaceship").
  • 4. No — it is fully deterministic; the next state follows exactly from the current one.
  • 5. Emergence — complex, lifelike behavior arising from a few simple local rules.

Educators: link or embed this simulation freely in your LMS or course guide.

Add This Conway's Game of Life to Your Website

Put the Conway's Game of Life on your own page — free, no sign-up, no watermark. It runs entirely in your visitors' browsers. Copy the snippet and paste it into your page's HTML.

The credit line under the widget links back to LK Forge — please keep it so others can find it too.